The fairly
high-budget documentary by Christ Pinto, titled Tares Among the Wheat somehow seeks to connect modern translation
efforts of the Bible with Roman Catholicism.
In order to accomplish this, some truly bogus claims need to be espoused
by Pinto.
The first
is the sloppy and untruthful mingling of higher criticism with textual criticism. Although Pinto does make some effort to say that textual criticism is a good thing, he tries to make out that it was created by a Roman Catholic called Richard Simon, well into the counter-Reformation. Even Erasmus, who
produced the basis for the King James Version, conducted textual criticism and
he of course predated this Roman Catholic, Simon. And another thing, whilst on the subject of Erasmus, he is made out to be some big hero, yet he was a Papist. Anyone outside of the process of developing the King James Version, who has anything to do with Rome, is not met with the same pleasant narration by Pinto. This is hypocrisy. Either everything to do with Roman Catholicism is evil, in which case Pinto must reject Erasmus and the King James Version too; or he bases the merit of manuscripts and translation on their own integrity, in which case Pinto cannot throw out all modern translations as he pleases. These are the only two options.
But, to conclude this point, to suggest that the textual criticism which has produced all English translations of the Bible, not just modern ones, is a part of higher criticism and some attack on the Bible is nonsense. Charles Spurgeon, one of the greatest preachers ever known, was integral in fighting against higher criticism in the late 1800’s, yet here is what he said of textual criticism:
'Concerning
the fact of difference between the Revised and Authorised Versions, I would say
that no Baptist should ever fear any honest attempt to produce the correct
text, and an accurate interpretation of the Old and New Testaments.'
- Spurgeon, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, 1881, p. 342
- Spurgeon, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, 1881, p. 342
Another point is that he continuously presents Sinaiticus
as having been discovered in a ‘trash can’ waiting to be burned with other
pieces of paper being used for kindling.
This is an old myth; the truth is that Tischendorf found some mouldy old
leaves of the Septuagint Greek Old Testament being burned and tried to save
them. When he returned many years later
to the Greek Orthodox monastery, he was talking about that text with one of the
monks who then presented from his cell, wrapped in scarlet, Sinaiticus.
Aside from the many smaller contentions one might have with this film, however, Pinto’s main argument for the dismissal of Sinaiticus and any translation which has considered its text in the translation process, is the revival of an argument by another man of the 19th century called Constantine Simonides.
Sir Frederick Kenyon (1863-1952) was perhaps the leading expert on the text of the New Testament in the first half of the 20th century and presents the matter thus:
‘Since the year 1856 an ingenious Greek, named Constantine Simonides, had been creating a considerable sensation by producing quantities of Greek manuscripts professing to be of fabulous antiquity--such as a Homer in almost prehistoric style of writing, a lost Egyptian historian, a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel on papyrus, written fifteen years after the Ascension, and other portions of the New Testament dating from the first century. These productions enjoyed a short period of notoriety, and were then exposed as forgeries. Among the scholars concerned in the exposure was [Constantine] Tischendorf [the discoverer of the Sinaiticus manuscript--ed.]; and the revenge taken by Simonides was distinctly humorous. While stoutly maintaining the genuineness of his own wares, he admitted that he had written one manuscript which passed as being very ancient, and that was the Codex Sinaiticus, the discovery of which had been so triumphantly proclaimed by Tischendorf! The idea was ingenious, but it would not bear investigation. Apart from the internal evidence of the text itself, the variation in which no forger, however clever, could have invented, it was shown that Simonides could not have completed the task in the time which he professed to have taken, and that there was no such edition of the Greek Bible as that from which he professed to have copied it. This little cloud on the credit of the newly-discovered manuscript therefore rapidly passed away…’ - Kenyon (1941, 4th ed.) Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, p. 130
Sir Frederick Kenyon (1863-1952) was perhaps the leading expert on the text of the New Testament in the first half of the 20th century and presents the matter thus:
‘Since the year 1856 an ingenious Greek, named Constantine Simonides, had been creating a considerable sensation by producing quantities of Greek manuscripts professing to be of fabulous antiquity--such as a Homer in almost prehistoric style of writing, a lost Egyptian historian, a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel on papyrus, written fifteen years after the Ascension, and other portions of the New Testament dating from the first century. These productions enjoyed a short period of notoriety, and were then exposed as forgeries. Among the scholars concerned in the exposure was [Constantine] Tischendorf [the discoverer of the Sinaiticus manuscript--ed.]; and the revenge taken by Simonides was distinctly humorous. While stoutly maintaining the genuineness of his own wares, he admitted that he had written one manuscript which passed as being very ancient, and that was the Codex Sinaiticus, the discovery of which had been so triumphantly proclaimed by Tischendorf! The idea was ingenious, but it would not bear investigation. Apart from the internal evidence of the text itself, the variation in which no forger, however clever, could have invented, it was shown that Simonides could not have completed the task in the time which he professed to have taken, and that there was no such edition of the Greek Bible as that from which he professed to have copied it. This little cloud on the credit of the newly-discovered manuscript therefore rapidly passed away…’ - Kenyon (1941, 4th ed.) Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, p. 130
See also a debate on the subject of the film between Pinto and Professor James White:
http://www.fightingforthefaith.com/2013/12/is-codex-sinaiticus-is-modern-forgery.html
Hi,
ReplyDeleteThe trash-can "myth" involves the actual claim of Tischendorf, as the "mouldy old leaves of the Septuagint Greek Old Testament" were Sinaiticus, and was originally published by Tischendorf as the Codex Frederico-Augustanus.
Please note a number of posts on this on the TC-Alternate forum, most recently:
[TC-Alternate-list] James White (any "scholar") myths about Codex Sinaiticus - Alan Kurschner redux
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/TC-Alternate-list/message/5760
Thanks.
Steven Avery
Bayside, NY
Hi Steve,
DeleteI must disagree as the mouldy leaves being burned by the monks and the complete codex retrieved from another monk's cell, wrapped in scarlet, were two different sets of documents at two different incidents.
The mouldy leaves which Tischendorf saw upon his first visit were certainly leaves of some copy of the Septuagint, but they were unrelated to the codex produced years later.
Thank you for your comment,
Rik
Hi,
ReplyDeleteRik, it is generally agreed (based on additional testimony as well) that the burning story was simply a Tischendorf embellishment, or fabrication, to help make his attempt to utilize the manuscript look more like a rescue mission (there were ethical problems with the Tischendorf actions).
And it is 100% understood that what Tischendorf published as Codex Frederico-Augustanus is what is now known as a section from the Sinaiticus OT. The key issue. This is before the 1859 visit.
And Tischendorf is the one who connected what he published with the supposed rescue from burning. So whether Tischendorf is lying or telling the truth, you can not separate the burning papyri story from the Sinaiticus OT.
Maybe you are thrown for a loop by somebody like James White referencing the "Septuagint". The Sinaiticus OT (the little that exists) is in fact a Septuagint manuscript.
Here is the Alan Millard summary of the 1859 red cloth events:
Discoveries from Bible Times: Archaeological Treasures Throw Light on the Bible (1997)
Alan Ralph Millard
http://books.google.com/books?id=Hu9jQ0zptp8C&pg=PA316
"To Tischendorf's amazement, there were all the leaves he had seen fifteen years earlier, with very many more. Here was most of the Old Testament and the whole of the New Testament!"
Yours in Jesus,
Steven Avery
I am giving a testimony of how i become rich and famous today… i was deeply strangled up by poverty and i had no body to help me, and also i search for help from different corners but to no avail… i see people around me getting rich but to me i was so ashamed of my self so i met a man on my way he was very rich and he was a doctor so he told me something, that if i would like to join the illuminati brotherhood, and i think over it though out the day so the next day i looked up and i keep repeating what he said to me, and i make up my mind to join the illuminati, today i am so proud of myself, because i am a great man today, well know in the world, rich, famous so if you are also interested to join the illuminati, you have to email: illuminatioilmoney666@gmail.com
ReplyDeletecall or whatsapp +2348166545531 join the illuminati and enjoy good life with you and your generation
I am giving a testimony of how i become rich and famous today… i was deeply strangled up by poverty and i had no body to help me, and also i search for help from different corners but to no avail… i see people around me getting rich but to me i was so ashamed of my self so i met a man on my way he was very rich and he was a doctor so he told me something, that if i would like to join the illuminati brotherhood, and i think over it though out the day so the next day i looked up and i keep repeating what he said to me, and i make up my mind to join the illuminati, today i am so proud of myself, because i am a great man today, well know in the world, rich, famous so if you are also interested to join the illuminati, you have to email: illuminatioilmoney666@gmail.com
call or whatsapp +2348166545531 join the illuminati and enjoy good life with you and your generation